10 табличок -ось і вся граматика!
Префікси й суфікси в англійській мові така тема, в якій можна добряче заплутатися. Та її цілком можна опанувати, вивчивши кілька простих правил - і проблем із правописом у вас більше не буде.
English is the most commonly used language in the world, and it’s not because there are a lot of people who speak it as their native language. For every native English language speaker, there are more than two non-native or English-as-second-language speakers. Altogether, there are roughly a billion and a half people who are able to communicate with one another using the same language. And their numbers are growing.
Грамматические структуры – кирпичики для слов.
Lingua Learning.
ESL PRINTABLES
Сайт для преподавателей, куда после регистрации можно загружать собственные материалы, получать за них баллы и потом их тратить на покупку чужих разработок. Так как учителям нужно привлечь интерес, большинство материалов приятно выглядят. Указывается уровень, возраст студентов и тип ресурса. При этом разработки должны быть собственные, на сайте они защищаются авторским правом. Пользуюсь ресурсом уже давно – очень стимулирует делать что-нибудь нужное, полезное и оригинальное.
GRAMMAR-QUIZZES
Один из самых потрясающих ресурсов по грамматике для школьников с уровнем B1 и выше. Как заявлено на сайте, им пользуются и носители языка. Скачивать ничего не нужно – всё проверяется онлайн.
ENGLISH SHEETS
Ресурс предлагает невероятно красивые и яркие рабочие листы по грамматике и лексике. Уровень и возраст не указываются.
ISLCOLLECTIVE
Отличная база скачиваемых материалов. Нужно регистрироваться, но загружать свои файлы необязательно.
SIMPLE ESL
На сайте опубликованы замечательные раздаточные материалы, распределенные по уровням. Помимо прочего, есть игры. Ресурсы по грамматике и лексике выложены вперемешку.
ENGLISH TEACHER
Хотя сайт заявлен как портал для студентов и преподавателей, предпочтение всё же отдаётся последним. На нем можно найти очень много скачиваемых материалов, советов и рекомендаций.
BUSY TEACHER
Огромный сайт для преподавателей английского языка, откуда можно скачивать раздаточные материалы по разным аспектам языка. Упражнения хорошо использовать в дополнение к основному материалу, учитывая уровень подготовки студента и общий объем заданий. Регистрация упрощает процесс загрузки.
GRAMMAR.NET
На сайте можно найти прекрасную инфографику, касающуюся грамматики и лексики. Только нужно быть внимательнее со сложностью материала: к сожалению, автор не даёт чёткого разграничения на уровни.
ENGLISH FOR MUSIC FANATICS
Сайт с текстами песен, которые распределены по грамматическим темам. К сожалению, самого звукового ряда нет, зато есть исполнители, темы, глоссарии к песням.
IRREGULAR VERBS
Настоящее сокровище – озвученная таблица неправильных глаголов. Есть перевод всех глаголов на русский и примеры для некоторых.
Even though the English language has found its way into the curricula of millions of schools around the world, another powerful force is driving the increase in the number of English language speakers. It’s the Internet, the place where video clips of kittens and puppies coexist with a number of tools that enable everyone to learn what is arguably the most important language of today. But the landscape of the Internet might be too chaotic to navigate, so we’ve chosen a few tools and resources that will be helpful along your way to becoming a proficient English speaker.
Lessons and Podcasts
You can go to YouTube, search for the term “learn English,” and find plenty of videos that might be useful to you. However, you should also be aware that there are established institutions that offer English language lessons and podcasts on their websites.
For example, there’s the British Broadcasting Corporation—the BBC, or the Beeb as it’s sometimes called in the UK. BBC’s Learning English web page offers a wealth of content every English language learner should check out, from English lessons and short dramas to the news and pronunciation tips.
The British Council has more than fifty podcasts that aim to teach everyday English. Their website also hosts plenty of “how to” videos that deal with the English language, as well as videos about the UK and its culture.
USA Learns is a project of the Sacramento County Office of Education, and it has grown into a reputable resource for English learners. It hosts beginning and intermediate courses, as well as a practice and reading course.
For example, there’s the British Broadcasting Corporation—the BBC, or the Beeb as it’s sometimes called in the UK. BBC’s Learning English web page offers a wealth of content every English language learner should check out, from English lessons and short dramas to the news and pronunciation tips.
The British Council has more than fifty podcasts that aim to teach everyday English. Their website also hosts plenty of “how to” videos that deal with the English language, as well as videos about the UK and its culture.
USA Learns is a project of the Sacramento County Office of Education, and it has grown into a reputable resource for English learners. It hosts beginning and intermediate courses, as well as a practice and reading course.
Grammar Resources
While podcasts and lessons are great, especially when they are followed by a grammar and vocabulary review, English language learners can benefit from a more focused study of grammar. In fact, a lot of native speakers could benefit from a grammar refresher from time to time. Even people who write in English for a living need to look up grammar issues occasionally.
Again, the British Council website is one of the best places to start. From lessons to quick tips, it contains most of the things an English language learner will need to learn proper grammar.
This website, the one you’re currently on, is named Grammarly.com for a good reason. Yes, it does help writers proofread their work and enhance their style, but it also has the Grammarly Handbook, a great tool that can help English language learners understand grammar rules and learn how to implement them in writing.
Again, the British Council website is one of the best places to start. From lessons to quick tips, it contains most of the things an English language learner will need to learn proper grammar.
This website, the one you’re currently on, is named Grammarly.com for a good reason. Yes, it does help writers proofread their work and enhance their style, but it also has the Grammarly Handbook, a great tool that can help English language learners understand grammar rules and learn how to implement them in writing.
Vocabulary and Translation
It would be hard to write about English translation without mentioning Google Translate. As an English language learner, you might not need the translate feature of Google Chrome to translate whole web pages from English into your own language. But for the words you know nothing about, Google Translate is one of the best tools on the web.
Project Gutenberg offers over 50,000 free books, many of which are in English. There’s no better way of expanding your vocabulary than reading a lot, and on this website you can find English literary classics.
Words by Grammarly is an online dictionary-thesaurus hybrid, which offers definitions of words as well as synonym suggestions. There’s also a handy MS Office plug-in, which integrates with Word and will greatly improve your vocabulary. Grammarly can also integrate with your web browser to give you definitions of words without leaving the page you’re reading.
Project Gutenberg offers over 50,000 free books, many of which are in English. There’s no better way of expanding your vocabulary than reading a lot, and on this website you can find English literary classics.
Words by Grammarly is an online dictionary-thesaurus hybrid, which offers definitions of words as well as synonym suggestions. There’s also a handy MS Office plug-in, which integrates with Word and will greatly improve your vocabulary. Grammarly can also integrate with your web browser to give you definitions of words without leaving the page you’re reading.
Tests and Quizzes
You’ll need a way to test your progress, and more importantly, you’ll also need a way to learn and play at the same time. Activities for ESL Students is a website for grammar and vocabulary quizzes, bilingual quizzes, and crossword puzzles. British Council, again, has a number of English-languagegames on their website, as well as IELTS practice tests. The Cambridge English website has both tests and games that will help you measure your advancement and have some fun.
Have you ever memorized the chorus of a song? You may sing a few lines over and over, but you can’t remember what comes after the section you know. Many people recite the mnemonic “I before E, except after C.” They either don’t remember or never learned the rest of the rhyme. Here are two additional lines that reveal some exceptions to the spelling rule:
I before E, except after C
Or when sounded as A, as in neighbor and weigh.
And “weird” is just weird.
Or when sounded as A, as in neighbor and weigh.
And “weird” is just weird.
Learning spelling conventions can help you write with confidence. Which of the following rules are new to you?
S or ies?
To make a noun plural, you usually add S. However, you might have noticed that some words that end in Y deviate from the norm. For example, babies is the plural form of baby. How do you know when to change Y to ies? Look at the letter before the Y to find out. If it is a vowel, then add S.
essay → essays
ploy → ploys
key → keys
ploy → ploys
key → keys
If there is a consonant before the Y, replace the y with ies.
daisy → daisies
sky → skies
daisy → daisies
sky → skies
V doesn’t…
No English words end with the letter V. If you do see a word that ends in V, you can assume that it’s an abbreviation, acronym, or foreign word. If there is a V sound, the word will end in E. Think of glove, gave, sieve, or mauve. There’s another thing V doesn’t do—double. What about skivvies, a word used to refer to cotton undergarments, and divvy, a verb meaning to distribute or share? Dictionaries categorize them both as informal words. With rare exceptions, you also can’t double the letters K, J, W, or X.
Q is never alone.
Have you noticed that Q seems to have a constant vowel companion? In English, the letter Q is always followed by U. That’s not the case in Arabic and other languages, so borrowed words like Qatar, the name of a country along the Persian Gulf, don’t follow the English pattern.
Is this E a keeper or not?
When the noun fate becomes the adjective fateful, you add -ful to the end without dropping the E. On the other hand, the noun love loses its final E to become the adjective lovable. When do you omit the E? It depends on the suffix. You keep the final E when adding suffixes that begin with consonants. Suffixes that begin with a vowel, such as -able, require you to eliminate the final E.
Adding -ing
Do you need to double the final letter of a verb when you add the -ing ending? For certain verbs, likestop, the answer is yes. For others, like go, the answer is no. The determining factors are the number of syllables and whether the last letter of the verb is a vowel or a consonant. If the verb has only one syllable and a consonant at the end, you must double the consonant before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel. These suffixes include -ing, -ed, -er, and -est. This is called the 1-1-1 rule because you double the final consonant of verbs that contain one syllable, one vowel in the middle, and one consonant at the end. If music helps you to memorize information, listen to the 1-1-1 Spelling Rule song featured on the Garden of Praise website.
Do you need to double the final letter of a verb when you add the -ing ending? For certain verbs, likestop, the answer is yes. For others, like go, the answer is no. The determining factors are the number of syllables and whether the last letter of the verb is a vowel or a consonant. If the verb has only one syllable and a consonant at the end, you must double the consonant before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel. These suffixes include -ing, -ed, -er, and -est. This is called the 1-1-1 rule because you double the final consonant of verbs that contain one syllable, one vowel in the middle, and one consonant at the end. If music helps you to memorize information, listen to the 1-1-1 Spelling Rule song featured on the Garden of Praise website.
All aboard?
When adding all- as a prefix, you usually shorten it to al-.
All + together → altogether
all + ready → already
You might want to read up about all right and alright; the controversy is quite interesting.
All + together → altogether
all + ready → already
You might want to read up about all right and alright; the controversy is quite interesting.
Specific Words
If one particular word gives you trouble, you might want to search for a mnemonic device. Chances are, you are not the only person who has trouble with that word. For example, lots of people find it difficult to master the c’s and s’s of “necessary,” If you remember the phrase “one coffee, two sugars,” it will remind you that there is one c and two s’s, and that they appear in that order. If you can’t find a suitable mnemonic, make up your own! Rhymes and acronyms work well.
Consciously or unconsciously, you probably use this spelling rule: “I before E, except after C.” Because of this mnemonic, you spell words like achieve, receive, and believe with ease. English language textbooks are full of helpful rules to help people learn to spell. But even native speakers find some words challenging. It doesn’t have to be that way. Why not boost your spelling prowess by using a few of the useful principles you read about today?
Як же, все таки, методично правильно навчати учнів різного рівня підготовки та різного віку такого складного етапу уроку, як ГРАМАТИКИ?
На це питання можна отримати відповідь у наступній статті, написаній у незамінній настільній книзі вчителя HOW TO TEACH GRAMMAR LIKE A PRO
Текст статті навмисне поданий без перекладу, щоб гостріше відчути усі тонкощі реалій англійської мови.
How To Teach Boring Grammar Points: 7 Quick Proven Tips
Як же, все таки, методично правильно навчати учнів різного рівня підготовки та різного віку такого складного етапу уроку, як ГРАМАТИКИ?
На це питання можна отримати відповідь у наступній статті, написаній у незамінній настільній книзі вчителя HOW TO TEACH GRAMMAR LIKE A PRO
Текст статті навмисне поданий без перекладу, щоб гостріше відчути усі тонкощі реалій англійської мови.
MOST ESL TEACHERS AT SOME POINT HAVE COME ACROSS A CERTAIN GRAMMAR POINT THAT THEY STRUGGLE TO FIND ACTIVITIES TO LIVEN UP THE CLASS OR ADD SOME LIFE INTO IT.
E.g. the dreaded ‘Gerunds versus Infinitives’ lesson that always seems to crop up. Most of us generally loathe the topic and would rather find ourselves watching an episode of ‘Days Of Our Lives’ or a drama series of our local country, rather than teaching that horrible topic again. The bad news is, when we think like this, it can negatively affect the vibe of class without ourselves even realising it. When we find a topic boring, we can generally pass this vibe onto students. This is something that all teachers must look out for, as when a student loses focus, it is very difficult to gain their attention. The best approach is to keep the energy levels of your class high and vibrant. There are a number of tips and tricks that can be adapted for all lessons, grammar points and topics that will keep your students focused and in the right frame of mind for learning.
1 SHOW OFF YOUR BEST ASSET
No, I’m not referring to your chiselled face, voluptuous curves, and especially not your bank account. I’m talking about your personality. When you’re teaching a grammar point that you know is boring and the students will switch off over, lighten up, smile and become an ‘Edu-tainer’. As an ‘Edu-tainer’, your task is to keep them interested and attentive. Be funny, amusing and light hearted while at the same time teaching the dry-as-hell topic. You can throw in jokes, be a little bit irrelevant at times, just turn on the charm and keep them from falling asleep on the desk.
2 BE A LITTLE UNEXPECTED
One little gem I like to use in the classroom when teaching a boring topic, is to keep them thinking. Instead of feeding them the answers or elicit the answer out of them, I like to keep them on their toes. One such method is to give the students an answer to a question that is incorrect, and see how long it takes the students to recognise the error. Being unexpected means that they must always be thinking, and they are not going to find themselves anticipating the answers.
3 TELL A STORY
If you are explaining a grammar point, why not keep your students amused and educated with a story. This is a good way to keep their attention while explaining some of the more dull aspects of grammar. Great for children and lower-level adults, a well-known story such as The Hare and the Tortoise are the best choices. Using a short story that the students know provides the students with a picture and connect the grammar with an event in the story.
4 TAKE THE TABLOID APPROACH
One nifty little way to liven up any lesson is to use the lives of celebrities to explain a grammar point. To do this, find out about a local celebrity in the country, find out who they’ve been dating, associated with, previously dated, been married to, been embroiled in some form of scandal, and create a time line while explaining the tense.
Example: Tom Cruise was married to Nicole Kidman (Past tense – Finished Action, They’re divorced.) Tom Cruise married Katie Holmes after he had divorced Nicole Kidman (Past tense, finished action / Past Perfect – the first action to happen in the past).
No matter what the topic, taking a popularist approach by using celebrities in a class is always bound to entertain while adding a sense of realism to your lesson.
5 BE PRACTICAL
Teach English that students will find beneficial and useful in their jobs or their lives. One way to do this is to try to use practical examples wherever possible. It is incredibly simple and can even be improvised on the spot. An example is explaining tenses by throwing a pen. By actively going through the motions, saying the sentences and explain the points while doing it, you can keep your students attention on you while teaching them the grammar point. For topic specific tasks, another great way for students to learn vocabulary is to create a presentation. One example is a class Fashion Show to talk about clothes and accessories or a role-play to practice vocabulary and phrases related to food and dining.
6 USE THE NEWS
English language newspapers are fantastic for students to learn about English as they generally use simple words and provide an example of what’s happening around the world that the student’s may already know in their native language. This allows them to easily connect the times and even some of the more difficult vocabulary in the newspaper article, while the timing implications of a the events of the news article can be used to describe tense. Newspapers are a good introductory activity for any class, as they provide a real-life vocabulary source that can then progress into a discussion, before getting into the grammatical deep-end.
7 PLAY A GAME
Have you ever been in class and noticed that the following exercise in the book was a typical ‘fill in the gaps’ or something that you knew would send the students far away into a dreamlike trance? Well, this is the point where you can tell the students to stop everything, put their pens down, close books and stand up. Students love competition with each other, and any activity where two teams can be created and scoring is involved is a sure-winner with any tasks. Instead of having the students complete the activity in the book, in silence and on their own, they can learn and have fun at the same time by working together as a group.
PRACTICALLY ANY GRAMMAR POINT CAN BE ‘SPICED UP’ WITH A LITTLE HELP OF FUN ACTIVITIES THAT WILL KEEP YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS FROM FALLING ASLEEP.
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